Importance-performance analysis in fitness apps. A study from the viewpoint of gender and age.

Background: We are currently undergoing a profound process of digital transformation that has favoured the development and use of apps in multiple facets of people's daily lives. In the fitness industry, this situation has facilitated the control of exercise and the maintenance of healthier lifestyles. However, it is not known how the perceived quality and importance of fitness apps vary for users based on gender and age, which is the objective of this study conducted among users of fitness centres. Methods: By means of a convenience sample, 321 users from different centres of the boutique fitness chain Sano Centre (238 females and 83 males) took part in the study. They answered the 16 items of the MARS scale, distributed in four dimensions, in terms of importance and perceived quality. The existence of significant differences was analysed using non-parametrical statistics such as the U-Mann-Whitney (gender) and the H-Kruskal-Wallis (age). In addition, a cluster analysis, combining hierarchical and non-hierarchical methods, was analysed considering as a dependent variable the level of recommendation of fitness apps. Results: Considering gender, in importance-performance analysis (IPA), credibility was the most important attribute for females and quality of information for males. In the case of age, credibility was the most important attribute in all the ranges. The cluster analysis established two groups (high and low recommendations of the fitness app). In importance, the first group scored better on all factors except entertainment and interest. In valuation, the scores were lower than on importance, especially in the low recommendation group. Conclusion: Regarding usage behaviour, credibility is the factor to which users attach the highest importance and rating, regardless of gender and age. The main demand focuses on improving the gestural design and visual appeal, which will facilitate a better user experience.

Influence of Fitness Apps on Sports Habits, Satisfaction, and Intentions to Stay in Fitness Center Users: An Experimental Study.

The use of technology in sports and fitness is proliferating thanks to advances to facilitate its practice and improve adherence. Beyond adherence, it is important that technology is understood as a facilitating medium. The main objective of this study is to know the influence of the use of the fitness application (app) on sports habits, customer satisfaction and maintenance intention of fitness center users. For this, an experimental, controlled and randomized study was carried out, characterized by being a field trial, with a sample of 66 participants divided into a control group (n = 33) and an experimental group (n = 33), with 38 (57.6%) men and 28 (42.4%) women who self-monitored their physical activity for 8 weeks. The dimensions analyzed between the pre- and post-intervention phases were the changes in their sporting habits (frequency of attendance and duration of the session), the changes in satisfaction and the intention to stay with respect to the fitness center. The results in general do not show significant differences between the two groups and conclude that the use of the fitness app did not directly influence the sports habits of the participants. There were also no significant differences in terms of satisfaction with the fitness center or in their intention to stay in the fitness center. Therefore, it is shown that the use of the fitness app, as a single download or use element, is not enough to improve habits, satisfaction or the intention to stay in the fitness center.

Dimensions of Service Quality in Health-Fitness Clubs in China.

The purpose of this study was to explore the dimensions of service quality in fitness clubs in China and examine their impact on customer satisfaction. In Phase I of the study, we collected qualitative data from online comments related to service quality in 30 Tera Wellness clubs in Shanghai (k = 6252). Conducting content analysis, we synthesized the information and identified preliminary themes and formulated measurement statements. Phase II implemented a series of quantitative research procedures to examine the measurement properties of statements developed in Phase I. Conducting exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling analyses based on responses of club members (N = 533), we identified a total of 27 items in six dimensions: service recovery, service assurance, facility function, program operation, instructor quality, and staff performance. These factors significantly (p < 0.05) predicted customer satisfaction with fitness clubs in China. The findings highlight the importance of high-quality service delivery, service recovery, and service assurance and pinpoint specific areas for improvement.

The Promotion of Physical Activity from Digital Services: Influence of E-Lifestyles on Intention to Use Fitness Apps.

E-Lifestyles are individual forms of behavior in the digital environment that reflect the values, activities, interests, and opinions of consumers. Likewise, fitness Apps are considered technological tools for promoting physical activity online. Although there are studies related to sports lifestyles, it has not been analyzed yet how e-lifestyles are related to the use of fitness Apps. Based on this, this study represents a step to clarify how e-lifestyles influence different relationships with perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude, and intentions to use Fitness Apps. Therefore, the objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between the e-lifestyles of consumers of Boutique fitness centers and their relationship with the perceived ease of use, the perceived usefulness, the attitude, and the intention to use Fitness Apps. The sample was 591 customers (378 women and 213 men) of 25 Boutique fitness centers. An online questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed with confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model. Findings provide an insight into the importance of e-lifestyles in the intention of using fitness Apps and therefore in promoting physical activity through online fitness services. The results showed positive relationships between e-lifestyles, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and attitude toward fitness Apps. Finally, the attitude toward fitness Apps offered a very high predictive value on use intention. This study provides a better understanding of consumer´s intention to use fitness Apps. The conclusions and recommendations for sports managers of fitness centers highlight the importance of e-lifestyles as a predecessor for the use of fitness Apps.

Importance-Performance Matrix Analysis (IPMA) to Evaluate Servicescape Fitness Consumer by Gender and Age.

The fitness sector has always been linked to the analysis of the loyalty of its consumers. Different studies have shown the importance of sports service and human resources for greater customer loyalty. However, few works have studied how the physical environment or servicescape influences the behavior of consumers in fitness centers based on gender and age. Therefore, the objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between servicescape and the loyalty of fitness center consumers, analyzing through the Importance-Performance Matrix Analysis (IPMA) what the aspects to improve according to gender and age are. The sample was 10,368 fitness center customers (5864 women and 4504 men). After the IPMA, it was concluded that the main improvement margins in general in fitness centers were the equipment and the facility condition, and the facility layout. In turn, in relation to gender and age, the aspects with room for improvement were to a greater extent for equipment and facility condition in women over 21 years of age, and in facility layout for women between 21 and 40 years old and 51-60 years old. Regarding men, the aspects with the highest performance margins were the equipment and facility condition in all the age groups, the facility layout in men up to 50 years old, and the signage in men up to 40 years old and from 51 to 60 years old.

Adaptación y validación del cuestionario del empleado saludable del modelo HERO / Adaptation and validation of the healthy employee questionnaire of the HERO model

Las organizaciones están implementando acciones para la mejora de la salud y calidad de vida de sus empleados. Este hecho repercute por tanto en las empresas y en sus empleados, caracterizándose éstos últimos por disponer de cinco fortalezas como son el engagement, la resiliencia, la autoeficacia, el optimismo y la esperanza. El cuestionario del empleado saludable mide ocho dimensiones, por lo que el objetivo del trabajo es validar el instrumento reduciendo el constructo del empleado saludable de ocho dimensiones a cinco dimensiones y constatar la fiabilidad del mismo como medio de evaluación del empleado saludable. 287 empleados (208 hombres y 79 mujeres) de edades comprendidas entre 20-59 años participaron en es-te estudio. Se analizó el ajuste de los modelos de cinco y ocho dimensiones mediante un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC), utilizando el método de estimación de Máxima Verosimilitud Robusto. Los índices incrementa-les (CFI y NNFI) y el absoluto SRMR mostraron un buen ajuste en ambos modelos al ser superiores a ,90 e inferior a ,08 respectivamente. En cuanto a la comparación de modelos se observa un aumento significativo del estadístico de contraste Chi Cuadrado de Satorra-Bentler en el modelo de cinco frente al de ocho dimensiones, aunque la reducción del CFI en el modelo de cinco dimensiones no superó el criterio de ,01, lo que permitió considerar ambos modelos como similares en cuanto a ajuste. Ambos modelos mostraron resultados satisfactorios en cuanto al ajuste, este hecho confirma el uso del cuestionario del empleado saludable de ocho dimensiones a cinco dimensiones

Organisations are implementing actions to improve the health and quality of life of their employees. This fact therefore has an impact on companies and their employees, the latter being characterised by five strengths: engagement, resilience, self-efficacy, optimism and hope. The Healthy Employee Questionnaire measures eight dimensions, so the aim of the work is to validate the instrument by reducing the construct of the healthy employee from eight dimensions to five dimensions and to ascer-tain the reliability of the instrument as a means of evaluating the healthy employee. 287 employees (208 men and 79 women) aged 20-59 participat-ed in this study. The fit of the five- and eight-dimensional models was ana-lysed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), using the Robust Maximum Likelihood estimation method. The incremental indices (CFI and NNFI) and the absolute SRMR showed a good fit in both models being higher than .90 and lower than .08, respectively. In terms of model comparison, a significant increase in the Satorra-Bentler Chi Square contrast statistic was observed in the five versus eight-dimensional model, although the reduc-tion of the CFI in the five-dimensional model did not exceed the criterion of .01, which allowed both models to be considered as similar in terms of fit. The two models showed satisfactory results in terms of fit, this fact confirming the reduction of the healthy employee questionnaire from eight dimensions to five dimensions

Influência das tecnologias na retenção de sócios em ginásios: revisão sistemática / The influence of technologies on members' retention by gyms: a systematic review / Influencia de las tecnologías en la retención de socios en gimnasios: revisión sistemática

O objetivo desta revisão sistemática é identificar a influência das redes sociais e tecnologias na retenção de clientes em ginásios. A pesquisa foi efetuada em quatro bases de dados online, de 2011 a 2019. Através do método PRISMA (MOHER et al., 2009), foram selecionados dez artigos. Os resultados evidenciaram que as redes sociais e o uso de tecnologias são fundamentais no processo de retenção. Após a análise dos dez artigos, foram também identificadas e analisadas as variáveis características pessoais dos sócios, frequência e tempo de utilização e qualidade do serviço e satisfação, como influenciadoras da retenção de clientes. Resumindo, este estudo fez uma revisão dos artigos que estudam o impacto das tecnologias e redes sociais na retenção de clientes em ginásios e ajudou a identificar outros fatores que incidem na retenção clientes, agrupando-os em duas dimensões, associadas à empresa e ao cliente.

The purpose of this systematic review is to identify the influence of social media and technologies on customer retention in gyms. The survey was conducted on four online databases from 2011 to 2019. Ten articles were selected through the PRISMA method (MOHER et al., 2009). The results showed that social media and the use of technologies are crucial in the retention process. After analyzing the ten articles, we also identified and analyzed the variables 'personal characteristic of members,' 'attendance and time of use,' 'quality of service and satisfaction' as influencing customer retention. In summary, this study reviewed the articles that study the impact of technologies and social networks on customer retention by gyms and helped to identify other factors that focus on retention, grouping them into two dimensions associated with the company and customers.

El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es identificar la influencia de las redes sociales y las tecnologías en la retención de clientes en gimnasios. La investigación se llevó a cabo en cuatro bases de datos on-line, de 2011 a 2019. A través del método PRISMA (MOHER et al., 2009), se seleccionaron diez artículos. Los resultados mostraron que las redes sociales y el uso de tecnologías son fundamentales en el proceso de retención. Después de analizar los diez artículos, también se identificaron y analizaron las variables características personales de los socios, frecuencia y tiempo de uso, calidad del servicio y satisfacción, como elementos que influyen en la retención de clientes. En resumen, este estudio revisó los artículos que estudian el impacto de las tecnologías y las redes sociales en la retención de clientes en los gimnasios y ayudó a identificar otros factores que inciden en la retención de clientes, agrupándolos en dos dimensiones, empresa y cliente.

Consumo de suplementos nutricionales y sustancias nocivas en culturismo: implicaciones para su gestión / Use of nutritional supplements and harmful substances in bodybuilding: implications for its management

No disponible

Sport Psychology: From José María Cagigal to the present / Psicología del deporte: De José María Cagigal a la actualidad

This article reviews the evolution of the Sport Psychology, from its full inclusion in the disciplines of study of the sports phenomenon, to the variability of studies that are currently being developed in this field. The previous researches carried out, the international recognition, and the consolidation of Sport Psychology as scientific research field are reviewed. At the same time, the interdisciplinary nature is reflected through José María Cagigal, who during his career studied the connection of psycho-pedagogical knowledge as a phenomenon immersed and intrinsic to sports. That evolution has lasted to the present maintaining the classic variables of study in high performance sports, such as the motivation or the anxiety; but also introducing new fields of study such as health and / or the promotion of physical activity; all without forgetting the importance of establishing a good connection between research and application, and without losing the scientific rigor of validation and reliability both in the works carried out and in the instruments used in research (AU)

En este artículo se revisa la evolución de la psicología Del deporte, desde su inclusión de pleno derecho en las disciplinas de estudio del fenómeno deportivo, hasta la variabilidad de estudios que en este campo se desarrollan actualmente. Se recogen los antecedentes en investigación y el momento de reconocimiento internacional y, casi podríamos decir, de consolidación como campo de investigación científica. A su vez se recoge su carácter interdisciplinar, aunado en aquel momento en la figura de José María Cagigal que estudio a través de toda su carrera la conexión del conocimiento psicopedagógico como algo inmerso e intrínseco al deporte. Esa evolución ha llegado hasta nuestros días manteniendo las variables clásicas de estudio en deporte de alto rendimiento, como la motivación o la ansiedad; pero introduciendo también nuevos ámbitos de estudio como la salud y/o la promoción de la actividad física; todo ello sin olvidar la importancia de establecer una buena conexión entre investigación y aplicación, y sin perder el rigor científico de validación y fiabilidad tanto en los trabajos realizados, como en los instrumentos utilizados para la investigación (AU)

La calidad y la fidelidad del cliente: Un análisis de segmentación en centros de fitness low-cost / Quality and customer loyalty: A segmentation analysis in low-cost fitness center

La calidad y la fidelidad han sido estudiadas en los centros de fitness, mayormente en la relación que tienen entre ambas y con otras variables. En pocos casos se han realizado estudios que analicen los perfiles de clientes que mejor perciben dichas variables. Por esta razón el estudio tenía por objetivo segmentar a los clientes de centros de fitness low-cost según la percepción de calidad y fidelidad. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 8462 clientes (4303 mujeres y 4159 hombres) de centros de fitness low-cost. Se realizó análisis de la varianza y de conglomerados bietápico. Los resultados mostraron cuatro clústers en los que existieron diferencias significativas en la percepción de la calidad y la fidelidad. Estos hallazgos muestran la importancia del conocimiento de las características de consumidores deportivos (AU)

Quality and loyalty have been studied in fitness centers, mainly in the relationship between them and with other variables. In a few cases, studies have been carried out to analyze the profiles of clients who perceived these variables better. For this reason the study aimed to segment customers of low-cost fitness centers according to the perception of quality and loyalty. The sample consisted of 8462 clients (4303 women and 4159 men) from low-cost fitness centers. Analysis of variance and two - stage clustering were performed. The results showed four clusters in which there were significant differences in the perception of quality and loyalty. These findings show the importance of knowledge of the characteristics of sports consumers (AU)

The integration of research and practice in sport psychology / La integración de la investigación y la práctica en psicolgía del deporte

From the consolidation of the psychology of sport as an independent scientific discipline at an international level, a great advance was developed that also favored the consolidation of the applied field and the intervention, into two distinct political-geographic areas: the Eastern countris and the Western block. In both the performances began with the elite sport, and the figure of the psychologist as a member of the sports teams. In 1979 the publication of Rainer Martens' article On Jackets and Jocks (Martens, 1979) mobilized the reflection of both researchers and applied psychologists. From its publication to the present day, this text became a reference text, especially when it came to direct interventions with athletes, and led to a reflection on the methodological difference between research and direct intervention. However, previously, in 1987, Martens himself had recommended and warned of the need to establish links between both spheres, academic and applied, to strengthen and give consistency to the psychology of sport (Garcia-Ucha and Martinez, 2014) (AU)

A partir de la consolidación de la Psicología del Deporte como disciplina científica independiente a nivel internacional, se desarrolló un gran avance que favoreció también la consolidación del ámbito aplicado y de intervención, con dos áreas político-geográficas diferenciadas: los países del Este y el bloque occidental. En ambos se iniciaron actuaciones directas con el deporte de élite, y la figura del psicólogo como miembro del staff en los equipos deportivos fue estabilizándose. En 1979 la publicación del artículo de Rainer Martens, About smocks and jocks (Martens, 1979), movilizó la reflexión tanto de investigadores como de psicólogos aplicados. Desde su publicación hasta la actualidad, este texto se convirtió en un texto de referencia, especialmente a la hora de plantear intervenciones directas con deportistas, y propició que se estableciera una reflexión sobre la diferencia metodológica que debía darse entre investigación e intervención directa. Sin embargo ya anteriormente, en 1987, el propio Martens había recomendado y alertado de la necesidad de establecer nexos entre ambos ámbitos, académico y aplicado, para fortalecer y otorgar consistencia a la psicología del deporte (García-Ucha, y Martínez, 2014) (AU)

Cultura organizacional y satisfacción laboral: Propiedades psicométricas de una escala en centros de fitness / Organization culture and job satisfaction: psychometric properties of scale in fitness centers

Numerosos estudios indican la relación significativa entre la cultura organizacional y la satisfacción en el trabajo. Por lo que las organizaciones con culturas organizativas adecuadas obtendrán ventajas competitivas. Por esta razón, destacar que se trata de una variable vital, especialmente en la búsqueda de satisfacción laboral del cliente interno en los centros deportivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue trabajar con un modelo de medida entre la cultura organizacional y la satisfacción laboral en centros de fitness. Se empleó el Culture Index for Fitness Organizations (CIFO) para la cultura organizacional y el Overall Job Satisfaction para la satisfacción laboral, evaluando las propiedades psicométricas a través de un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Para evaluar la fiabilidad y validez del modelo, se analizó la fiabilidad compuesta, la varianza media extractada, la validez convergente y discriminante. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 180 empleados (79 mujeres y 101 hombres) de centros de fitness. Los resultados muestran que el modelo de cultura organizacional y satisfacción laboral es adecuado, ofreciendo un ajuste satisfactorio tras la obtención de una estructura factorial bien definida. Por tanto, la escala utilizada cuenta con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, permitiendo una evaluación fiable y válida de la cultura organizacional y la satisfacción laboral (AU)

Numerous studies indicate the significant relationship between organizational culture and job satisfaction. So organizations with appropriate organizational cultures gain competitive advantages. For this reason, it should be noted that this is a vital variable, especially in the search for job satisfaction of the internal customer in sports centers. The objective of this study was to work with a test model between organizational culture and job satisfaction in fitness centers. The Culture Index for Fitness Organizations (CIFO) was used for organizational culture and Overall Job Satisfaction for job satisfaction, evaluating the psychometric properties through an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. To evaluate the reliability and validity of the model, we analyzed the composite reliability, the average variance extracted, and the convergent and discriminant validity. The sample consisted of 180 employees (79 women and 101 men) from fitness centers. The results showed that the organizational culture and job satisfaction model is adequate, offering an adequate goodness-of-fit after obtaining a well-defined factor structure. Therefore, the scale used has adequate psychometric properties, allowing a reliable and valid assessment of organizational culture and job satisfaction (AU)

Research and analysis in sport economics and management / Investigación y análisis de la gestión y economía del deporte

This is an introductory article to the present supplement where it is presented a total of 23 research papers, which has been discussed within the VII Iberoamerican Congress of Economics and Management of Sport, where it will be see the standards of quality and scientific rigor usual in these disciplines, which will contribute to a greater and better understanding of the economic dimension of sport in its different perspectives. In this way, it is important to emphasize the integrative nature of the selected works, which reinforce the interdisciplinary and integrating perspective research on issues relating to sport and physical activity. The research areas are as follows, sports psychology, sports economics, sports management and sports marketing institutions among others

Se trata de un artículo de introducción al presente suplemento, en él se presenta un total de 23 trabajos de investigación, los cuales se han tratado en el VII Congreso Iberoamericano de Economía y Gestión del Deporte, en ellos se pueden observar los estándares de calidad y rigor científico habituales en estas disciplinas, con ello esperamos contribuir a una mayor y mejor comprensión de las diferentes perspectivas de la dimensión económica del deporte. De esta manera, es importante hacer hincapié en la naturaleza integradora de las obras seleccionadas, las cuales refuerzan la perspectiva de la investigación en temas relacionados con el deporte y la actividad física. Las áreas de investigación son las siguientes, psicología del deporte, economía del deporte, gestión del deporte y marketing del deporte entre otros

Impacto de la crisis económica en la rentabilidad de las empresas de gestión de instalaciones de ocio deportivo según tamaño, un estudio empírico / Impact of economic crisis on porfitability management business leisure sports facilities by size, an empirical study

El aumento de la práctica deportiva en la sociedad Española ha impulsado el crecimiento del volumen de negocio y número empresas de gestión de instalaciones deportivas. El citado crecimiento, se juzga claramente a partir del análisis de los ratios económicos financieros como es la rentabilidad económica media, y estos se ven en mayor o menor medida afectados por un entorno cambiante de crisis económica, según el tamaño de la organización. El objetivo de esta investigación fue el análisis el efecto en evolución de rentabilidad económica media, de las Organizaciones de Gestión de Instalaciones Deportivas Españolas antes y después de la crisis según su tamaño (micro, pequeña, mediana y grande). Para el análisis del presente estudio, se obtuvo la información contable y financiera de la bases de datos SABI de 1.670 empresas, registradas en el CNAE bajo el código 9311 entre los años 2004-2012, de las que se seleccionó una muestra de 319. Según los hallazgos, podemos afirmar que la crisis económica ha afectado a la rentabilidad económica de Organizaciones de Gestión de Instalaciones Deportivas Españolas de forma diferente según tamaño de las mismas, se constata que las organizaciones medianas son las mas eficientes en el uso de sus recursos económicos o en la obtención de beneficios de sus activos, en términos de valores medios de rentabilidad económica. Sin embargo, que las grandes, pequeñas y microempresas OGIDE, muestran valores medios de rentabilidad económica inferiores a los obtenidos anteriormente a la crisis económicas de 2008

Increasing the sport in the Spanish society has fueled the growth of turnover and number management companies sports facilities. Said growth is clearly judged from the economic analysis of financial ratios such as average profitability, and these are to a greater or lesser extent affected by a changing environment of economic crisis, according to the size of the organization. The objective of this research was to analyze the effect on evolution of average economic profitability of Management Organizations Sports Spanish before and after the crisis by size (micro, small, medium and large). For the analysis of this study, the accounting and financial information from the SABI data base of 1,670 companies registered under code 9311 NCEA between 2004-2012, of which a sample of 319 was selected was obtained According the findings, we can say that the economic crisis has affected the profitability of Management organizations Spanish sports differently depending on their size, it is found that midsize organizations are the most efficient in the use of their economic resources or in the profit of its assets, in terms of average values of economic profitability. However, that large, small and micro OGIDE show average values of lower economic returns to those obtained prior to the economic crisis of 2008

A loyalty nmodel according to memership longevity of low-cost fitness center: quality value, satisfaction, and behavioral intention / Un modelo de fidelidad según la permanencia de clientes en centros de fitness low-cost: calidad, valor, satisfacción e intenciones de comportamiento

Client loyalty is crucial to fitness centers. Studies have analyzed the relationship between different subjective variables and consumer behavior intentions in these types of sport services within fitness centers. Nevertheless, few are those who have studied the influence of such variables on objective measures like membership longevity. For this reason, the objective of this study was to examine a loyalty model by means of the relationship between perceived quality, satisfaction, and future intentions with regard to client loyalty. The study counted with 15820 client (8462 women and 7358 men) participants who answered an online questionnaire. A descriptive analysis, factorial confirmatory and multi-group analysis were conducted. The findings demonstrate a valid and reliable model where relationships among the variables are positive and significant, with differences among the groups according to the longevity of membership

Debido a que la fidelidad del cliente es un tema crucial en los centros de fitness, algunos trabajos han analizado la relación entre diferentes variables subjetivas y las intenciones de comportamiento del consumidor en estos servicios deportivos. No obstante, son pocos los que han estudiado cómo repercuten dichas variables según medidas objetivas como la permanencia. Por esta razón, el objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar un modelo de fidelidad mediante la relación entre la calidad percibida, el valor percibido, la satisfacción y las intenciones futuras según la permanencia de los clientes. Para ello se contó con la participación de 15820 clientes (8462 mujeres y 7358 hombres) que contestaron a un cuestionario on-line. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, factorial confirmatorio y análisis multigrupo. Los hallazgos muestran un modelo válido y fiable donde las relaciones entre las variables son positivas y significativas, existiendo diferencias entre los diferentes grupos según la permanencia

El valor percibido y la satisfacción del cliente en actividades dirigidas virtuales y con técnico en centros de fitness / Perceived value and customer satisfaction in virtual fitness and trainer-guided group activities in fitness centres / O valor percebido e a satisfação do cliente em acitivade virtuais dirigidas e com técnico em centros de fitness

En la actualidad la industria del fitness se encuentra en la senda del crecimiento. Uno de los servicios que mayor presencia está teniendo en los centros de fitness son las actividades dirigidas con técnico, las cuales han evolucionado hacia actividades dirigidas virtuales debido a la inclusión de la tecnología. Esta investigación analiza el valor percibido y la satisfacción de los clientes en ambas actividades, explorando las diferencias existentes entre dichos servicios y la relación entre ambas variables. La muestra se compuso de 572 usuarios de un centro de fitness (319 mujeres y 253 hombres) con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y 63 años. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre el valor percibido y la satisfacción entre los dos servicios deportivos, obteniendo valores más positivos en las que requieren un técnico deportivo. Asimismo, la satisfacción del cliente mostró ser dependiente del valor percibido, obteniendo un mayor vínculo en el caso de las actividades dirigidas virtuales. Estos resultados suscitan a la reflexión por parte de los gestores de las instalaciones deportivas sobre la incorporación o no de este tipo de servicios deportivos

At present, the fitness industry is on a growth path. One of the most prominent services in fitness centres is trainer-guided group fitness activities, which have evolved into virtual fitness activities with the inclusion of technology. This research analyses perceived value and customer satisfaction in both activities, exploring the differences between them and the relationship between the two variables. The sample consisted of 572 subjects belonging to a private fitness centre (319 women and 253 men), between 15 and 63 years old. The results show significant differences between perceived value and satisfaction in the two sports services, with sports requiring a trainer getting more positive values. Furthermore, customer satisfaction shows a dependence on perceived value, with a stronger link being obtained in the case of virtual fitness activities. These results and an in-depth analysis on the inclusion, or not, of these sport services are thought-provoking for managers of these facilities

Na actualidade a indústria do fitness encontra-se na senda do crescimento. Um dos serviços que maior presença está a ter nos centros defitness são as actividades dirigidas com um técnico, as quais têm evoluído para actividades virtuais dirigidas devido à inclusão da tecnologia. Estainvestigação analisa o valor percebido e a satisfação dos clientes em ambas as actividades, explorando as diferenças existentes entre estes serviços e arelação entre ambas as variáveis. A amostra foi composta por 572 utentes de um centro de fitness (319 mulheres e 253 homens) com idades compreendidasentre os 15 e os 63 anos. Os resultados revelam diferenças significativas entre o valor percebido e a satisfação entre os dois serviços desportivos, obtendovalores mais positivos as que requerem um técnico desportivo. Assim mesmo, a satisfação do cliente mostrou ser dependente do valor percebido, obtendoum maior vínculo no caso das actividades virtuais dirigidas. Estes resultados suscitam a reflexão por parte dos gestores das instalações desportivas sobrea incorporação ou não deste tipo de serviços desportivos

Adaptación y validación de la Escala de Intenciones Futuras de Comportamiento en usuarios de servicios deportivos / Adaptation and Validation of the Scale of Future Intentions of Behaviour in Customers of Sport Services

La fidelización de usuarios en cualquier tipo de organización es un tema transcendente por la cascada de beneficios que se producen al incrementarla. Las organizaciones deportivas no son ajenas a esta realidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y validar una escala de intenciones futuras de comportamiento a servicios deportivos. Para la validación de la misma, se utilizó una muestra compuesta por 2181 usuarios. Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio precedido del exploratorio. Se calculó la fiabilidad del instrumento resultante y su validez discriminante. Los resultados permiten afirmar que se dispone de una herramienta válida y fiable compuesta por tres dimensiones y diez ítems, capaz de conocer las intenciones futuras de comportamiento de usuarios de servicios deportivos.

Customer loyalty, inside any organization, is transcendental because of the reported income it delivers. Sport business is no exception. This research's goal was to set up and validate a scale of future intentions of behaviour in sport services. A sample of 2181 users was used in order to validate this scale. Factorial exploratory and then confirmatory analyses were made. Reliability and discriminatory validity of the resulting tool were calculated. Results show a reliable and valid tool with three dimensions and ten items, able to determine future intentions of behaviour of sport services customers.

La percepción de calidad y fidelidad en clientes de centros de fitness low cost / Perceived quality and loyalty in low-cost fitness center clients

El modelo low-cost es una apuesta actual que comienza a tener presencia en la industria del fitness y utiliza frecuentemente las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Sin embargo, por su novedad se desconoce el tipo de cliente que frecuenta estas instalaciones y cómo percibe sus servicios. Por ello, los objetivos que plantea este estudio son: en primer lugar, analizar la percepción de calidad y las intenciones futuras de comportamiento de los clientes en centros de fitness low-cost y, en segundo lugar, examinar si existen diferencias significativas en cuanto a las características sociodemográficas y la utilización de Facebook y de la web. Para ello se utilizó una muestra compuesta por 1279 usuarios de centros de fitness low-cost (692 mujeres y 587 varones), se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio, un análisis de la fiabilidad y prueba t y ANOVA de un factor. Los resultados muestran escalas fiables y válidas de calidad percibida de servicio y fidelidad, así como la existencia de diferencias significativas en las variables estudiadas en cuanto a sexo, edad, permanencia, uso de Facebook y uso de la web. Estos hallazgos muestran la importancia de una buena gestión de los servicios y la correcta gestión de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación.

The low-cost approach is a current trend, which has recently become the vogue in the fitness industry, with its frequent use of the new information and communication technologies. However, due to the novelty this approach, it is unknown how customers perceive their services and the type of customers who will use these sports facilities. The aim of this study is to analyze quality perception and future behavioral intentions of low-cost fitness centers customers, as well as to examine whether there are significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics, and the use of Facebook and the Internet. To this effect, a study was conducted on a sample of 1279 users of low-cost fitness centers (692 women and 587 men), and an analysis was performed using exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, t test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results show reliable and valid scales of perceived service quality and loyalty, and the existence of significant differences in the dimensions studied in terms of gender, age, permanence, use of Facebook and use of the Internet. These findings show the importance of good service management, as well as proper management of the new information and communication technologies.

La satisfacción de clientes y su relación con la percepción de calidad en Centro de Fitness: utilización de la escala CALIDFIT / Customer satisfaction and its relation to perceived quality in fitness centres: calidfit scales

El creciente interés para medir la percepción de la calidad de clientes en centros de fitness privados (CFP), hace que el objetivo de este trabajo sea la construcción de una medida para evaluar la percepción de la calidad de los clientes de CFP, segmentándolos a su vez según niveles de percepción, y comprobando su influencia en la satisfacción. La muestra utilizada se compuso de 229 usuarios (94 mujeres y 135 hombres) de un CFP, donde se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio para comprobar la validez y fiabilidad de la escala, una segmentación a través del análisis de conglomerados de bietápico según las diferencias encontradas a través del análisis de la varianza, y un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales para relacionar la calidad con la satisfacción. Los resultados demuestran una escala fiable y válida, en el que los niveles de percepción de calidad más elevados son de estudiantes de sexo masculino de entre 16 a 24 años y las mujeres jubiladas de 55 a 65 años, y donde se confirma la relación positiva de la percepción de la calidad de clientes con su satisfacción. De este modo, utilizar CALIDFIT (Escala de Percepción de la Calidad en Servicios de Fitness) se convierte en un instrumento útil para medir la calidad y por ende como predictor de la satisfacción (AU)

The growing interest in measuring perceived customer quality in private fitness centres (PFC) makes the aim of this research the construction of a measure to assess PFC perceived customer quality, segmenting it in turn by levels of perception, and testing its influence on customer satisfaction. The sample was made up of 229 users (94 women and 135 men) of a PFC, where we conducted an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to test the validity and reliability of the scale, segmentation through two-stage cluster analysis depending on the differences found by analysis of variance, and an analysis of structural equations to relate quality to satisfaction. The results show a valid, reliable scale, where the highest levels of quality were for male students aged 16 to 24 years and retired women aged 55 to 65 years. This confirmed the positive relationship between perceived customer quality and customer satisfaction. Thus, using CALIDFIT (Scale of Quality Perception in Fitness Services) becomes a useful instrument to measure quality and therefore a good predictor of satisfaction (AU)